loading

the hardware hacker\'s introduction to microcontrollers, part one: anatomy of an arduino

In this article, I will explain the basics of how the micro-controller works in both physical and virtual environments.
First of all, the micro-controller is not a simple thing, so don\'t be discouraged if you feel it is important --boggling!
The world of micro-controllers is fascinating, engaging, and an awesome hobby;
It will never get bored.
I will focus more on micro-controllers based on I/O and simulation, such as micro-controllers running Arduino, and take the Atmel chip as an example (
These are the most commonly used and easy to program.
What is a micro controller?
The micro-controller is a silicone
Based on computer chips (
Integrated circuit)
, Programming with a set of instructions.
These instructions can go from simple flashing LED to processing a large amount of data from a serial connection.
The size of the micro-controller usually depends on the number of pins and flash memory.
For beginners, I recommend to buy Arduino Duemilanove as it is cheap ($30)
Very easy to use.
Advanced Microprocessor users usually write programs in C, and then compile the completed script into hexadecimal (hexadecimal)format.
Finally, the serial cable and (or similar)
Programming software where users write or flash data to the chip itself through the SCK, MOSI, MISO, and reset pins of the micro-controller (
Called SPI, or Serial Peripheral Interface Bus).
In the case of Arduino, the ATmega chip on the motherboard itself contains a \"boot loader\" that understands and program the data through a serial port, it is basically the telephone line between the computer and the motherboard, and the boot loader is the interpreter and the recorder.
Small silver rectangle (rounded edges)
Is a quartz crystal oscillator that produces frequency (
16 MHz in this case).
In order to achieve accurate serial communication, the external oscillator is feasible.
As mentioned earlier, the micro-controller without the boot loader must be programmed via SPI.
All micro-controllers (
At least Data Sheet)
There is a pin schematic and pin description.
For example, here are the pins and descriptions of the ATmega328 described above.
VCC is a positive power input (5V)
GND is negative (or ground).
The SPI uses pins 17, 18, and 19 to program the chip if it does not have a boot loader.
The digital pins can provide I and O interfaces at the same time, in other words, they can output power (ex. light an LED)
, Or receive power (ex.
Identify if the switch is in a high or low state/on or off).
The analog pins are more complex because they collect multiple forms of data in a large range of voltage readings.
For example, the analog pin can determine the \"digital\" specific voltage of the input. The AREF pin (
21. simulation reference)
Used as a maximum or measured value represented by a numeric value of 1023.
Any value between 0 and the reference voltage is represented by a value between 0 and 1023.
WarningsNow, go into Part 2 and get an insight into the mysteries of the micro-controller programming!

GET IN TOUCH WITH Us
recommended articles
INFO CENTER blogpost Faqs
Elevate Your Charging Game with the 100W Magnetic USB Cable in Macaron Design

Are you tired of boring, tangled charging cables that barely get the job done? Say hello to our 100W Magnetic USB Cable with a Real Silicone Macaron Design, straight from our factory in China. This isn’t just another USB C cable—it’s a blend of fast-charging power, clever design, and a dash of personality. Compatible with Samsung, Xiaomi, Huawei, and even the iPhone 16, this cable is here to make charging faster, safer, and way more fun. Let’s dive into why this little accessory is about to become your new favorite.
Upgrade Your Charging Game with the 120W Dual USB-C Cable from Shenzhen
In today’s fast-paced world, a reliable USB cable is more than just a tool—it’s a necessity. Whether you’re powering up your smartphone, tablet, or laptop, our 120W Dual USB-C Charging Cable with Rotatable Zinc Alloy Head & Silicone Design delivers top-tier performance straight from our manufacturing hub in Shenzhen, China. Engineered for speed, durability, and versatility, this USB C cable is the ultimate fast charge cable for tech enthusiasts and everyday users alike. Let’s dive into what makes this product a must-have for your charging needs.
Revolutionize Your Charging Experience with the 2-in-1 USB C Charging Cable & Lanyard

In today’s fast-paced world, staying connected is a necessity, but managing multiple charging cables for your devices can quickly become a hassle. Enter the 2-in-1 USB C Charging Cable & Lanyard—a clever, stylish solution that blends the practicality of a USB cable with the convenience of a lanyard. This isn’t just another accessory; it’s a game-changer designed to keep your devices powered up and secure, whether you’re rushing through your commute or exploring new places. With its 120W fast charge capability and anti-drop protection, this Lanyard charging cable is here to simplify your life without compromising on style or performance.

As a leading manufacturer based in China, we’ve crafted this innovative USB-C cable to meet the demands of modern users. Let’s dive into what makes this product a must-have for tech-savvy individuals and everyday adventurers alike.
Retractable Tape Measure Style USB Cable: The Ultimate Charging Solution for USB-C Devices

In today’s fast-paced world, convenience and portability are key when it comes to tech accessories. That’s why we’re excited to introduce our latest innovation: the Retractable Tape Measure Style USB Cable. This unique USB-C cable is designed to be ultra-portable, highly durable, and compatible with a wide range of devices, including the latest iPhone 16 and 15, as well as popular Android brands like Samsung, Huawei, and Xiaomi. Whether you’re a frequent traveler, a busy professional, or simply someone who values efficiency, this USB cable is the perfect companion for all your charging needs.



As a leading USB cable manufacturer, we’ve combined cutting-edge technology with eco-friendly materials to create a product that not only performs exceptionally but also reduces environmental impact. Let’s dive into the features that make this USB-C cable stand out from the rest.
120W Fast Charging Silicone USB Cable – Stylish, Durable, and Super-Fast Charging for All Your Devices
In today’s tech-savvy world, having the right charging cable is essential. Whether you’re on the go or at home, your charging cable must be fast, reliable, and durable. The 120W Fast Charging Silicone USB Cable offers just that and more. With a sleek design, vibrant color options, and an incredibly fast charging rate, this cable is a game-changer for your everyday tech accessories.
no data
no data

 3rd Floor, Building D, Lianyou Industrial Park, Xinhe Community, Fuhai Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Postal Code: 518103

Email:thisischarlie@foxmail.com
© 2018 Web Design. All Rights Reserved

Customer service
detect